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Symphytum officinale
Tradition of Use: Western, European traditional
Allantoin promotes cell proliferation, anti-inflammatory, vulnerary
Topical poultice, cream, salve
Topical only, apply 2-3x daily; do not use on broken skin
Allantoin, rosmarinic acid, tannins, mucilage
None significant (topical only)
Internal use - hepatotoxic; pregnancy; broken skin; long-term use
Evidence Level:
Limited for topical; banned internally in many countries
Clinical Notes:
Contains hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids; external use only; traditionally called "knit-bone"
This information is for educational purposes. Always consult with a qualified healthcare provider before starting any herbal protocol or supplement regimen.
Hypericum perforatum
Inhibits serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine reuptake; modulates GABA and glutamate receptors
Silybum marianum
Hepatoprotective via silymarin (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, regenerates hepatocytes)
Zingiber officinale
Anti-inflammatory, antiemetic, warming circulatory stimulant, digestive, analgesic